Sunday, December 22, 2019

Race, Poverty Globalization Essay - 1813 Words

Since 2006, more than 500 Bangladeshi workers have died in factory fires, according to Clean Clothes Campaign, an anti-sweatshop advocacy group in Amsterdam. Experts say many of the fires could have easily been avoided if the factories had taken the right precautions. Many factories are in cramped neighborhoods and have too few fire escapes, and they widely flout safety measures. The industry employs more than three million workers in Bangladesh, most of them women. Activists say that global clothing brands like Tommy Hilfiger and the Gap and those sold by Walmart need to take responsibility for the working conditions in Bangladeshi factories that produce their clothes. From article by Vikas Bajaj published in The New York Times,†¦show more content†¦This power, in turn, is creating an even further division in the labor force with people of color being virtually forced into jobs as slave laborers; 2) The U.S. as a Global Superpower. The U.S. has emerged as the world’s only super power and thus has a tremendous influence in setting the terms for global trade. The style of globalism pushed by the United States has favored the free movement and protection of capital, while being at best indifferent and at worst hostile to the more place-dependent labor; 3) Democracy on the Demise. With the spread of globalism, there seems to be a constant demise of democracy. We speak of an expanding global market, but a diminishing public space, and we hardly speak at all of citizen participation and justice. There are no organizations to protect the interests of workers, racial minorities, the environment, or women and children; 4) Undermining Social Movements. Globalism is effectively undermining the social justice movement and the very people of color that this movement is seeking to defend. Division of Color, Division of Power Today, the world economy is in a state of what is commonly viewed as unprecedented growth. But with this growth has come dangerous and destructive economic disparity. On the one hand, we see the impressive economy in the Northern Hemisphere, particularly in the United States, where Silicon Valley, a region of 2.3 million people, hasShow MoreRelatedGlobalization Makes Society Better842 Words   |  4 PagesGlobalization benefits society as a whole because it expands markets, increases profits, creates new jobs and has also lifted people in poor countries out of poverty. According to Robert O’ Brien and Marc Williams globalization in terms of liberalization is: â€Å"the removal of restrictions to cross border flows, such as the elimination of trade or investment barriers† (O’Brien and Williams:27). Globalization has also transformed the way the world is viewed today. As technology has improved the productionRead MoreGlobalization Essay1402 Words   |  6 PagesA case for globalization Globalization is an inescapable factor in the global economy today. Its effects can be felt throughout the world in industrialized and developing nations alike. The â€Å"process of globalization is so pervasive that it affects all businesses,† (Lawrence Weber, 2014, p. 71). The benefits of globalization are apparent to organizations and nations such as reduction in poverty and benefits to consumers. But globalization must be properly balanced with a covential pledge to careRead MorePositive Effects Of Globalization1361 Words   |  6 Pages Economic globalization refers to the â€Å"increasing interdependence of world economies† (Shangquan, 2000), as a result of free movement of goods, services, technology, capital, and information between countries and across borders. It is one of the three main areas of globalization; economic globalization moves at an increasingly fast pace as movement across borders progresses. While economic globalization has had many benefits a nd positive effects on both developed and under developed countries, itRead MoreGlobalization Is Not A New Concept1414 Words   |  6 Pagesthe growing interdependence of an economy on the others is the growing norm of the world’s society. Why the countries are dependent on one another? Can’t they survive isolated from the rest of the world? The answer is laid upon the term Globalization. The globalization is not a new concept; it even existed even thousands of years ago. However, it became much popular in the nineteenth century most prevalently after the world war when the economies around the world tend to grow and develop outside itsRead MoreGlobalization And The Global World1669 Words   |  7 PagesGlobalization is something that we see happening all around us. When we walk down the street it is impossible not to have an advertisement for major corporations like Nike, McDonalds, or Coca Cola flashing in front of your face. Everywhere our head turns, commercialis m is there. It is unavoidable. The world around us is constantly developing, and that development begins with us. As the world keeps evolving, globalization is considered inevitable. As humans, we naturally strive for success, seekingRead MoreDefense Of Globalization Is Beneficial For Every Nation1064 Words   |  5 Pages In Defense of Globalization is a very captivation book written by a highly respected author in the economic field Jagdish Bhagwati. At first glance, Jagdish Bhagwati disperses extensive reasonings for why it is beneficial for every nation to enter the global economy. Bhagwati gives an in-depth definition of globalization as the â€Å"integration of national economies into the international economy through trade, direct-foreign investment, short term capital flows, international flows of workers†¦ andRead MoreDiscuss Some of the Arguments Made Against Globalization and Explain Why You Agree or Disagree with Them.1746 Words   |  7 PagesGlobalization is t he interaction of world economies to become one big economy, for the sole purpose of enhancing free trade, growth and efficiency and employment. It emphasizes the neo-liberal economic policies – commonly referred to as the ‘Washington Consensus’ – of free trade, financial and capital market liberalization, deregulation and privatization (Juhasz, pg 408). The supporters of globalization argue that it is essential to an individual’s advancement and economic progress, and constantlyRead MoreThe Effects of Globalization1678 Words   |  7 PagesEffects of Globalization Globalization involves shrinking or reduction of the world as well as an increased consciousness in regards to the world as a whole. Globalization is a term which is used in the description of changes in societies and the economy of the world which results in a dramatic increase in investment, cross border trade s well as cultural exchange. Globalization is dominated by nation states, economies of national and the cultural identities of nations. Globalization creates anRead MoreCritical View Of Race To The Bottom And Globalization:.1144 Words   |  5 PagesCritical view of Race to the Bottom and Globalization: Race to the bottom and Globalization has a critical relationship between them. Critics say that Globalization expedites the tendency of adopting the concept race to the bottom. Race to the bottom concepts says that the characteristic of continuous lowering the standard in terms of labor or environment as a result of the continuous competition. This concept mainly affects the developing countries in two ways directly and directly. DevelopingRead MoreFast Fashion, And The Corporate Globalization Essay927 Words   |  4 PagesGlobalization is changing the way we look at the world, and our connections to one another; we have become global citizens but in the process created divisions in the race of humanity. Fast fashion, and the corporate globalization; are aiding in causing the biggest divisions between people. With the growing demand of cheap and affordable fashion is constantly on the climbing causing producers to find more cost efficient, and faster ways to produce their clothing. Developed countries are don’t seem

Saturday, December 14, 2019

Al Ain Municipality as a Case Study of HR Function Free Essays

The aim of this research paper is to discuss five human resource functions of Al Ain Municipality that is one of the most significant and prominent organization of United Arab Emirates. The basic theme of this paper is the fact that the human resource functions of any organization relates to every department of that particular organization and this is the main reason that without the comprehensive understanding of organization and its functioning, the human resource functions can’t be completely understood. In order to remove the ambiguities in understanding of the basic aim of paper, it is mandatory to completely analyze the basic vision and theme of organization, its organizational strategies and the structure of Al Ain Municipality. We will write a custom essay sample on Al Ain Municipality as a Case Study of HR Function or any similar topic only for you Order Now After the detailed discussion, the paper accentuates on five of the most significant functions and operation of Al Ain Municipality. The paper follows a procedural methodology; the first step in this regard is the introduction to organization. The introduction accentuates on different facts related to the municipal organization. It also sheds light on the point that Al Ain Municipality is the government body that is established in order to render effective services and extend strong support to the residents and citizens of Al Ain City and the areas adjacent to it. It also discusses the brief history as to when the municipal organization was developed and what the basic need was of forming and establishing this organization of Al Ain Municipality. Then the paper performs the critical analysis of the position of this organization and comparison of its status with other municipal organizations of the United Arab Emirates. Moreover, it also discusses the outstanding characteristics and distinguishing features of this municipal organization that makes Al Ain Municipality stand apart among the other municipal organization of the world. In addition to that it also shed light about the fact that how the organization has perfectly blended its traditional heritage, culture, history, ethics and values in the aims and objectives of the organization. Moreover, it also describes the results of effects of not forgetting the cultural and ethical identity of the place and making it one of the basic themes of Al Ain Municipality. These practices sure have bore fruits and the paper discusses the evident results of these exercises as well. A brief history of Al Ain Municipality follows the discussion of organization. It sheds light on the establishment of this municipal organization and the development and progress phases to which the organization have undergone at different times in order to enjoy its current position. The history also enlightens about the fact that the organization was not a governmental body until some point of time, and then it emerged as one of the most significant municipal organizations of the world being a governmental body and it still enjoys the position with the same status. The paper then proceeds towards the organizational structure. One major point in this regard that Al Ain Municipality has the organizational structure that follows the lead of a general manager; this setup is different from those of organizational structures of municipalities where the leadership is in the hands of different councils or committees. The paper accentuates on the advantages and benefits of having a general manager as the top level of organizational hierarchy over the conventional modes of organizational structure in municipal organizations as that of councils and committees. Then there exists different independent bodies that performs their respective jobs and operations and then directly report to the general manager. The paper does quick review about these bodies and then comes to most significant sectors or areas of Al Ain Municipality. These six departments are the building blocks or backbone of this municipal organization and in order to completely understand the nature of organization and comprehend its organization structure, the detailed discussion of these six areas is very crucial. The paper develops a procedural method in discussing these departments and also includes the flow chart of flow of control within the organizational structure. The departments, sectors or areas are have different sub-sectors and each of these subsectors is unique with respect to the services it render or support it provides to the clients and customer, which are the citizens or residents of Al Ain City and the areas adjacent to Al Ain City. The paper then move forwards towards the strategic objectives of the organization. This study is very necessary as the functions of human resource shares connection with the strategic objectives of any municipal organization. The paper depicts that the first and foremost objective of Al Ain Municipality is the development, maintenance and sustaining of town or urban planning as the urban areas are more prone to deliver the greater economical advantages as compared to rural areas. The second strategic objective of this municipal organization is the fact that there is no success possible without delivering excellent and highly efficient services to the customers therefore, the second strategic objective is to provide improved services to the clients every time as to maintain and enhance the quality of living standards in Al Ain City and its outskirts. The paper points out that the third strategic objective is to improve the overall performance, efficiency and effectiveness of the system as when the system is highly efficient it would create more opportunities for the employees to give better output to their customers or clients. It also highlights the virtues of sense of responsibility, transparency, and accountability that are the significant part of strategic objectives of the Al Ain Municipality. These virtues roots back to the ethical and cultural heritage of the region and the fact that these virtues when applied on the overall organizational system yield remarkable results make it even more significant for Al Ain Municipality. The paper also reflect that it one of the strategic objectives of Al Ain Municipality to promote partnerships, encourage both foreign and local investments   and alleviate other business opportunities as to emerge on the global level as one of the most substantial municipal organization. The paper also describes that another important strategic objective of the case under study is the fact that Al Ain Municipality regards the leadership and abide by its decision as the organization feels proud of the manner it is led. Moreover, it also accentuates on having effective and efficient human resource department as the organization with industrious and effective human resource sector is most likely to succeed even in the worst of situations and scenarios. The paper then discusses and analyzes the major HR Functions in Al Ain Municipality. The basic theme of these human resource functions stems to the discussion of strategic objectives, values of organization, its structure and mission statement of Al Ain Municipality. This is the reason that the paper has discussed these points in such enormous detail. The Human resource functions discussed are recruitment and selection, employee training and development†¦. The paper closes the discussion with conclusion and presents some recommendations for the with respect to what has already been discussed in this paper. How to cite Al Ain Municipality as a Case Study of HR Function, Free Case study samples

Friday, December 6, 2019

Relation Between BMI and Depression

Question: Write about the Relation Between BMI and Depression. Answer: Title The relationship between body mass index (BMI) and depression in Australians Lay Description The relationship between body mass index (BMI) and depression have been examined for a considerable period of time and discoveries are not consistent. A few epidemiological reviews have detailed an expanded danger of misery among stout individuals and in addition a speculation of the corresponding assurance for stoutness and discouragement epidemics (Hung et al. 2014). Different reviews have proposed generally less depressive indications among the large population, and a "carefree fat" theory (in which heftiness diminishes the danger of depression). Also, one review interestingly pinpointed a "Ushaped" relationship between body mass file and gloom, recommending that both the under-obesity and over-obesity populaces have more depressive side effects than typical obesity individuals. Differences of strategies and individualized qualities could render distinctive outcomes. Albeit many reviews have highlighted components that could direct connections amongst heftiness and mental status, for example, sexual orientation, age, race and socio-social factors, the greater part of them were led among Western populaces. Just two reviews have utilized Australian populace tests with accentuation on the elderly population, leaving the connection amongst heftiness and despondency in Australian grown-up populaces rather hazy. Due to the impediments in the previous reviews, we examined the relationship of BMI and dejection in the Australia grown-up populace (Eidsdottire et al. 2014) Hypothesis and Objective The motivation behind this review was to assess the relationship between obesity status and mental issue, including depressive issue, nervousness issue and liquor utilize clutter. A sum of broadly illustrative 6,510 subjects ageing 18-64 yr was questioned eye to eye family unit study. Rate of reaction was 81.7%. Mental clutters were analyzed utilizing the Australian form of the Composite International Diagnostic Interview (A-CIDI). The subjects revealed their statures and obesities (Silverman et al. 2015). In the wake of conforming for age and sexual orientation, the lifetime conclusion of depressive issue had a link with just the under-obesity gathering (chances proportion [OR], 1.68, 95% certainty interim [CI]. The relationship amongst under-obesity and depressive issue was the most grounded for subjects with a high instruction level (OR, 1.75, 95% CI, 1.2-2.56), subjects with a wedded/living together status (OR, 1.94, 95% CI, 1.17-3.22) and smokers (OR, 2.58, 95% CI, 1.33-4.98). T here was no critical relationship amongst corpulence and depressive issue in Australia. However, there was a noteworthy relationship between the under-obesity gathering and depressive issue. The connection amongst stoutness and mental issue in Australian populace was not quite the same as that in a Western populace. These outcomes recommend that the distinctions of customary societies and races may importantly affect the relationship between the obesity status and mental issue. The Background The predominance of obesity among Australians more than 20 yr of age was 26.3% (25.7% in male, 26.4% in female) in 1998 and quickly expanded to 31.8% (35.2% in male, 28.3% in female) in 2005. The expanding pattern was unmistakable in male. The pervasiveness of weight has quickly expanded all around and stoutness is connected with genuine general medical issues. Be that as it may, the connections between mental issue and corpulence stay disputable, proposed a "happy fat" hypothesis in which dejection and nervousness were diminished in stout moderately aged men (LaGrotte et al. 2016). Notwithstanding, an imminent review on moderately aged grown-ups in the USA found that the danger of creating misery one-year later was two-times higher for the corpulent gathering than for the control assemble played out a cross-sectional review utilizing NCS-R information to examine the connection amongst weight and psychiatric issue. They found a noteworthy increment of the lifetime judgments of dispos ition issue and nervousness issue in the hefty gathering (body mass index [BMI] 30 kg/m2) however there was a critical decline of the lifetime finding of substance utilize issue in the large gathering. The relationship amongst corpulence and mind-set issue was most grounded for non-Hispanic whites and school graduates. In one of the bigger reviews, the New Zealand Mental Health Survey (NZMHS), obesity was fundamentally connected with any state of mind issue, real depressive issue and any uneasiness issue (Pan et al. 2012). A large portion of the information on obese and its relationship with mental issue has originated from Western grown-up populaces and just two Australian reviews on Australia elderly populace have been accounted for (Singh et al. 2014). The information on Australia elderly individuals underpins the "Jolly fat" speculation and it extends the theory to both male and female elderly. Australia traditional culture and the positive estimation of a stout self-perception may have influenced the consequences of the previously mentioned review. A cross-sectional review on Australian elderly was finished with looking at the connection amongst heftiness and despondency. No connection amongst stoutness and discouragement was appeared for elderly men and solid elderly females; however an opposite direct pattern was watched for elderly ladies with perpetual sicknesses (Martin et al. 2016). Therefore, this "cheerful fat" hypothesis was upheld for Japanese elderly women with perpetual illnesses. Be that as it may, there has been no grown-up study on this for a general Australian populace. We theorize that the connection amongst obesity and mental disorder in an Australian populace might be not quite the same as that in a Western populace because of the distinctions of customary societies, hereditary and financial elements. In 2006 and 2007, the Australian Epidemiological Catchment Area (AECA) consider, an across the country cross-sectional review in group test of Australian grown-ups matured 18-64 yr, was led to appraise the predominance and clinical connections of the psychiatric issue and weight status. This review evaluated the connections amongst obesity status and mental disorders, including depressive disorder, alcohol disorder and anxiety. As of now, being over-obesity and obese has turned into a noteworthy concern regarding public health in several nations. In Australia, the extent of over-obesity and obesity in grown-ups is 21.8%. Over-obesity and fat increment the danger of coronary illness, strokes, diabetes and liver infection and people are significantly more prone to experience segregation than health peers (Afari et al. 2010). This segregation is known as negative states of mind, convictions and a practice towards people with obesity is across the board. Discrimination of obesity takes place in a scope of settings, including medical, instructive, and relational settings, and it is related with a scope of unfavorable individual, social, and financial results. Research Design and Method Sample Selection Process The Australian government study was led in twelve distinct areas of Australia from July 2006 to April 2007. The populace test was chosen utilizing a stratified, multi-arrange group examining strategy, which depended on the 2005 People Registration Information at the National Statistical Office of the Australian Government. One subject for every chose family unit was picked by distinguishing the person with the most punctual birthday without thought of month or year. At first chose 7,968 people, an aggregate of 6,510 subjects, matured in the vicinity of 18 and 64 yr, were up close and personal met; the reaction rate was 81.7%. Of 6,510 members, 6,441 detailed their obesities and statures. The statures and obesities were self-detailed (Flegal et al. 2013). Disorders related to psychiatric disorders were surveyed utilizing the A-CIDI version. The completely organized demonstrative meeting was intended to make psychiatric conclusions with utilizing the criteria of the DSM-IV. As indicated by the World Health Organization rules and already utilized as a part of a ponder. The A-CIDI and the included survey evaluated the accompanying: socioeconomics, depressive issue (real depressive issue, dysthymia), nervousness issue (freeze issue, agoraphobia, particular fear, PTSD, Obsessive-urgent disarranges [OCD]) and liquor utilize clutter (liquor mishandle, liquor reliance). Prepared questioners surveyed the lifetime judgments of these scatters. The status of Obesity BMI was figured from subject's self-detailed stoutness and stature. Each subject was ordered into three gatherings; under obesity ( 18.5 kg/m2), typical or over obesity (18.5 kg/m2-24.9 kg/m2) and corpulent ( 25 kg/m2). Utilizing the WHO criteria (the Australian-Pacific Locale) and the criteria of Australian Culture for the Investigation of Heftiness, over obesity was characterized as a BMI higher than 23 kg/m2. Heftiness was characterized as a BMI higher than 25 kg/m2 and under obesity was characterized as a BMI under 18.5 kg/m2 The Statistical Investigation Measurable examination was performed utilizing SPSS, rendition 12.0. Measurable noteworthiness was resolved at an alpha level 0.05. Strategic relapse models were utilized to ascertain the chances proportions (ORs) and 95% certainty interims of the connection between heftiness status and the lifetime commonness of wretchedness issue, uneasiness issue and liquor issue with changing for age, sexual orientation, the training level, the conjugal status and tobacco utilize (Nackers et al. 2015). The subjects were characterized into three BMI bunches, with the typical or overobesity amass regarded as the reference gather. Between-gathering statistic attributes were tried utilizing the chi-square test. Every one of the examinations depended on obesityed information for sex and age keeping in mind the end goal to estimate the national populace as far as sex and age as characterized by the 2005 enumeration of the Australian National Measurable Office. It was hard to watch a propensity of persistent change in the three BMI gather. Accordingly, BMIs was classified into seven gatherings (BMI: 15-16.9, 17-18.49, 18.5-19.9, 20-24.9, 25-29.9, 30-34.9, 35-39.9 kg/m2) End Result Socio-demographic and the baseline facets of the subjects Altogether, 13,107 members who viably finished the polls were incorporated into the review. Generally speaking, 6,224(47.49%) of the members were male, and 6,883 (52.51%) of the members were female. The normal times of the male and female members were 59.919.38 and 58.959.67 years, separately. The mean estimation of the CES-D scores was 10.014.86. Among the majority of the members, 6.91% were under-obesity, 28.89% were over-obesity and 11.38% were large. Moreover, with respect to the men, 6.94% were under-obesity, 25.48% were over-obesity and 8.16% were large, while 6.89%, 31.98% and 14.28% of the females were under-obesity, over-obesity, and obese, individually (Ul-Haq et al. 2014). Huge contrasts in circulation were seen amongst males and females in the greater part of the factors, with the exception of dietary patterns, action status, and customary physical exercise. Just having encountered a noteworthy incidental damage and sharing in customary physical exercise were not altogeth er extraordinary between the BMI bunches in guys and in females, just having encountered a noteworthy unintentional harm was not fundamentally unique between the BMI bunches. The predominance of depressive indications, surveyed by the CES-D, varied among the BMI bunches. Bi-variate Analysis In view of the CES-D evaluation (10), the commonness of depressive side effects was 37.84% in the aggregate populace, 30.70% in guys and 44.30% in females. The pervasiveness of depressive manifestations was altogether unique amongst guys and females. A low commonness of depressive indications was seen in the 45-49 year-maturity bunch contrasted and 60-64, 65-69 and 70 year-seniority assemble separately (post-modification P0.003). A lower commonness was seen in the no smoke bunch contrasted and current smoke gathering and previous smoke aggregate (post-conformity P0.017). Contrasted and no drinking bunch, the not as much as once per month drinking gathering and more than once every month drinking bunch have a lower predominance (post-alteration P0.017). The gathering eating 2 dinners every day has a high commonness of depressive side effects than the gathering eating 3 suppers for each day and 4 suppers every day (post-conformity P0.017). The extremely poor self-report wellbeing statu s assemble has a higher predominance of depressive side effects than other wellbeing status groups (post-alteration P0.005) (Smith et al. 2014). The standard physical activities aggregate has a lower commonness of depressive indications than not as much as customary physical activities gather and no physical exercise assemble (post-modification P0.017). Contrasted and the normal gathering, the under-obesity bunch has a higher pervasiveness of depressive symptoms(post-modification P0.008), while over-obesity aggregate and hefty gathering have higher commonness of depressive manifestations (post-alteration P0.008). The Discussion In this review, we explored the relationship amongst BMI and depressive manifestations among the moderately aged and elderly in Australia. In light of the Australia form of the CES-D, the frequency of depressive side effects was 30.70% in men and 44.30% in ladies (Shivappa et al. 2016). Our outcomes show that being hefty is adversely connected with depressive indications in both men and ladies. In any case, we locate a positive relationship between under-weight and depressive manifestations among male and nonappearance of the critical confirmation among female (Serlachius et al. 2016). It is moreover worth saying the negative alliance saw among BMI and depressive indications in the total. The results give new bits of learning into corpulence.The commonness of depressive side effects was higher contrasted and past overview comes about. In the example gathered from the 1999 and 2003 Studies of Wellbeing and Living Status of the Elderly in Australia, the prevalence of depressive manifes tations as measured by the CES-D (over the cutoff of 10) was 27.9% in men and 36.2% in ladies in 2003. The pervasiveness of depressive manifestations in the Elderly Wellbeing Focuses between July 1998 to December 2000, in a review directed in a populace matured 65 or more seasoned utilizing the Geriatric depressive indications Scale criteria, was 4.9% in men and 7.9% in ladies. The rates assessed were marginally higher than the meticulous rates of 29.2% and 41.1% (Liu et al. 2016). Such errors between the outcomes and the past reviews might be an aftereffect of methodological contrasts in analysis and the solid specialist impact. Obviously, the pervasiveness of over-heftiness and corpulence was 28.89% and 11.38%, individually, in our review, which is lower than in the United States(41.3 and 24.3%, separately) National Benefit It is moreover worth saying the negative alliance saw among BMI and depressive indications in the total. The results give new bits of learning into corpulence.The commonness of depressive side effects was higher contrasted and past overview comes about. In the example gathered from the 1999 and 2003 Studies of Wellbeing and Living Status of the Elderly in Australia, the predominance of depressive manifestations as measured by the CES-D (over the cutoff of 10) was 27.9% in men and 36.2% in ladies in 2003. The occurrence of depressive manifestations in the Elderly Wellbeing Focuses between July 1998 to December 2000, in a review directed in a populace matured 65 or more seasoned utilizing the Geriatric depressive indications Scale criteria, was 4.9% in men and 7.9% in ladies. The rates assessed were marginally higher than the particular rates of 29.2% and 41.1% (Liu et al. 2016). Such errors between the outcomes and the past reviews might be an aftereffect of methodological contrasts in analysis and the solid specialist impact. Obviously, the pervasiveness of over-heftiness and corpulence was 28.89% and 11.38%, individually, in our review, which is lower than in the Unified States(41.3 and 24.3%, separately) Reference List Afari, N., Noonan, C., Goldberg, J., Roy?Byrne, P., Schur, E., Golnari, G. and Buchwald, D., 2010. Depression and obesity: do shared genes explain the relationship?.Depression and anxiety,27(9), pp.799-806. Eidsdottir, S.T., Kristjansson, A.L., Sigfusdottir, I.D., Garber, C.E. and Allegrante, J.P., 2014. Association between higher BMI and depressive symptoms in Icelandic adolescents: the mediational function of body image.The European Journal of Public Health,24(6), pp.888-892. Flegal, K.M., Kit, B.K., Orpana, H. and Graubard, B.I., 2013. Association of all-cause mortality with overweight and obesity using standard body mass index categories: a systematic review and meta-analysis.Jama,309(1), pp.71-82. Gebel, K., Ding, D., Chey, T., Stamatakis, E., Brown, W.J. and Bauman, A.E., 2015. Effect of moderate to vigorous physical activity on all-cause mortality in middle-aged and older Australians.JAMA internal medicine,175(6), pp.970-977. Hung, C.F., Rivera, M., Craddock, N., Owen, M.J., Gill, M., Korszun, A., Maier, W., Mors, O., Preisig, M., Rice, J.P. and Rietschel, M., 2014. Relationship between obesity and the risk of clinically significant depression: Mendelian randomisation study.The British Journal of Psychiatry,205(1), pp.24-28. LaGrotte, C., Fernandez-Mendoza, J., Calhoun, S.L., Liao, D., Bixler, E.O. and Vgontzas, A.N., 2016. The relative association of obstructive sleep apnea, obesity and excessive daytime sleepiness with incident depression: a longitudinal, population-based study.International Journal of Obesity. Liu, B., Floud, S., Pirie, K., Green, J., Peto, R., Beral, V. and Million Women Study Collaborators, 2016. Does happiness itself directly affect mortality? The prospective UK Million Women Study.The Lancet,387(10021), pp.874-881. Martin-Rodriguez, E., Guillen-Grima, F., Aub, E., Mart, A. and Brugos-Larumbe, A., 2016. Relationship between body mass index and depression in women: A 7-year prospective cohort study. The APNA study.European Psychiatry,32, pp.55-60. Nackers, L.M., Appelhans, B.M., Segawa, E., Janssen, I., Dugan, S.A. and Kravitz, H.M., 2015. Associations between body mass index and sexual functioning in midlife women: The Study of Womens Health Across the Nation (SWAN).Menopause (New York, NY),22(11), p.1175. Pan, A., Sun, Q., Czernichow, S., Kivimaki, M., Okereke, O.I., Lucas, M., Manson, J.E., Ascherio, A. and Hu, F.B., 2012. Bidirectional association between depression and obesity in middle-aged and older women.International journal of obesity,36(4), pp.595-602. Serlachius, A., Elovainio, M., Juonala, M., Shea, S., Sabin, M., Lehtimki, T., Raitakari, O., Keltikangas-Jrvinen, L. and Pulkki-Rback, L., 2016. The Association Between Social Support, Body Mass Index and Increased Risk of Prediabetes: the Cardiovascular Risk in Young Finns Study.International Journal of Behavioral Medicine, pp.1-10. Shivappa, N., Schoenaker, D.A., Hebert, J.R. and Mishra, G.D., 2016. Association between inflammatory potential of diet and risk of depression in middle-aged women: The Australian longitudinal study on womens health.British Journal of Nutrition,116(06), pp.1077-1086. Silverman, J., Krieger, J., Kiefer, M., Hebert, P., Robinson, J. and Nelson, K., 2015. The relationship between food insecurity and depression, diabetes distress and medication adherence among low-income patients with poorly-controlled diabetes.Journal of general internal medicine,30(10), pp.1476-1480. Singh, G., Jackson, C.A., Dobson, A. and Mishra, G.D., 2014. Bidirectional association between weight change and depression in mid-aged women: a population-based longitudinal study.International Journal of Obesity,38(4), pp.591-596. Smith, E., Bailey, P.E., Crawford, J., Samaras, K., Baune, B.T., Campbell, L., Kochan, N., Menant, J., Sturnieks, D.L., Brodaty, H. and Sachdev, P., 2014. Adiposity Estimated Using Dual Energy X?Ray Absorptiometry and Body Mass Index and Its Association with Cognition in Elderly Adults.Journal of the American Geriatrics Society,62(12), pp.2311-2318. Ul-Haq, Z., Mackay, D.F., Fenwick, E. and Pell, J.P., 2014. Association between body mass index and mental health among Scottish adult population: a cross-sectional study of 37272 participants.Psychological medicine,44(10), p.2231.